When dealing with a request we use IApplicationBuilder. And we have four methods available to interact with a request:
Use
Run
Map
MapWhen
These are called Request Delegates.
Use:
Adds a middleware to the application pipeline and it can either pass the request to next delegate or it can end the request (short- circuit request pipeline). It is the most commonly used method to interact with middleware.
More simple (app.useinserts a middleware into the pipeline which requires you to call the next middleware by calling next.Invoke()).
Run:
app.run inserts a middleware without a next, so it just runs.
Map:
With app.map you can map paths, which get evaluated at runtime, per request, to run certain middleware only if the request path matches the pattern you mapped.
MapWhen:
Behaves almost the same as Map except that we can specify the detailed condition by using a HttpContext object. We could check for URL, headers, query strings, cookies, etc).
Azure Monitor
includes several different tools. Three of the options below are tools that are
included in Azure Monitor. Which ones are they?
Ans:- VM
Insights
Smart Alerts
Resource Mapper
Container
Insights
Log Analytics
___________ is
a part of Azure Monitor that monitors the availability, performance, and usage
of web applications in the cloud and on-prem.
Ans :- Application Insights
Container
Insights
VM Insights
Log Analytics
In Azure
Monitor, ____________ allow you to perform data analysis and to create visual
reports right in the Azure portal.
Dashboards
Power BI
Ans:- Workbooks
Playbooks
_________________ is a set of tools that provides support when issues
with Azure services crop up and affect your environment. It consists of three
different services, including Azure Status, Service Health, and Resource
Health.
Azure Monitor
Azure Service
Monitor
Ans:- Azure
Service Health
Application
Insights
____________________ is used to collect and view security analytics data
and threat intelligence data in your environment. It uses Microsoft’s analytics
and threat intelligence to detect previously undetected threats, and can be
used to investigate incidents, using artificial intelligence.
Azure Security
Center
Ans:- Azure
Sentinel
Azure Monitor
Azure Attack
Simulator
Which tool would you use to allow Steve to manage only the resources in
the Finance resource group, while allowing Jen to manage only the resources in
the Marketing resource group?
Resource Locks
Resource Tags
Ans:- Azure RBAC
Azure AD RBAC
RBAC roles can be assigned to ______________, __________________,
_________________, and _______________.
Users,
Resources, Groups, Managed Identities
Users, Resource Groups, Management Groups,
Service Principals
Users, Groups,
Distribution Lists, Managed Accounts
Ans:- Users,
Groups, Service Principals, Managed Identities
A _____________ is a collection of permissions that defines the actions
that can be performed by the entity to which it is assigned.
Ans:-Role
Definition
Security Principal
Role Group
Managed Identity
Steve is a member of the Marketing group. The Marketing group is a
member of the Sales group, which has been granted the Contributor role at the
subscription scope. Steve will inherit the permissions defined in the
Contributor role that is assigned to the Sales group.
Ans:- True
False
The Blue Widget Corp is deploying Azure AD. They will require dynamic
groups, self-service group management, and self-service password reset for
on-prem users. Which edition of Azure AD should they deploy in order to get
these features, while minimizing costs?
Azure AD Free
Azure AD Basic
Ans:-Azure AD
Premium P1
Azure AD
Premium P2
You've been asked to check on how many users have administrative access
in your Azure AD environment. Which identity governance tool should you use to
accomplish this?
Entitlement
Management
Ans :- Azure
AD Access Reviews
Privileged
Identity Management
Activity and Auditing
The Blue Widget Corp is a brand-new startup in the planning stages. They
want to deploy a cloud-based version of Active Directory that supports group
policy, Kerberos, and NTLM. Which Active Directory solution should you
recommend?
Azure Active Directory Free
Azure Active
Directory Premium P1
Azure Active
Directory Premium P2
Ans:- Azure Active
Directory Domain Services
Azure AD Identity Protection default policies that administrators can
choose to enable. Select the default policies below.
There are multiple correct answers.
Ans:- MFA
Registration Policy
User Lockout Policy
Ans:- User
Risk Remediation Policy
User Expiry
Remediation Policy
Ans:- Sign-In
Risk Remediation Policy
___________________ is an Azure AD service that allows you to manage,
control, and monitor access to resources in Azure AD, Azure, and other
Microsoft Online Services such as Microsoft 365 or Microsoft Intune.
Azure AD Access
Reviews
Ans :- Privileged
Identity Management
Azure Identity
Protection
Azure Security Center
You've been asked to enable just-in-time privileged access to Azure AD
and Azure resources within the Blue Widget Corp subscription. Which tool or
service would you use to accomplish this?
Azure Security Center
Resource Locks
Ans:- Privileged
Identity Management
Identity and
Access Management
To use Privileged Identity Management, you must first have an
________________ license.
Azure AD Free
Azure AD
Premium P1
Ans:- Azure AD
Premium P2
All Answers Are Correct
The four levels of management, in order of precedence, that are
available in Azure include _____________, ______________, __________________,
and _________________.
management
groups, tenants, subscriptions, resource groups
tenants,
management groups, subscriptions, resource groups
______________ can be used to manage access, policy, and compliance for
multiple subscriptions.
Tenants
Subscription Groups
Ans:- Management
Groups
None of the
Above
The organization that you work for is an MSP that supports several dozen
customers. You've been asked to streamline the management of your customers'
resources via Azure delegated resource management. Which solution should you
recommend to make this happen?
Azure Sentinel
Ans:- Azure
Lighthouse
Azure Monitor
Azure Management Group
When you create an Azure policy, you start with the _________________,
which defines the conditions under which the policy will be enforced. Several
policy definitions can be grouped together to form ______________. Once a
policy definition or initiative has been created, __________________ is used to
assign the policy definition or initiative to a scope of resources that Azure
supports.
policy initiative, a policy definition, an
assignment
policy
definition, a policy initiative, a scope policy
Ans:- policy
definition, a policy initiative, an assignment
policy, a
policy assignment, a scope
_______________ focus on resource properties during deployment and for
already existing resources to ensure those resources adhere to requirements and
standards that you define; whereas _________________ are used to build entire
environments that adhere to requirements and standards.
ARM Templates,
Azure Policies
Ans:-Azure
Policies, Azure Blueprints
Azure
Blueprints, ARM Templates
Azure Blueprints. Azure Policies
There are two service tiers available in Azure Key Vault. The
____________ tier encrypts with a software key, while the _____________ tier
includes HSM-protected keys.
Ans:- Standard,
Premium
Basic, Premium
Free, Standard
Free, Premium
When using key vault to store keys and secrets, you can monitor their
access and use by enabling logging for the vault. When doing so, you can
configure Azure Key Vault to archive to a storage account, or to stream to an
event hub. You cannot send the logs to Azure Monitor logs.
True
Ans:-False
The vCore-based purchasing model is available for both the Azure SQL
Database offering and the Azure SQL Managed Instance offering.
Ans:- True
False
The Database transaction unit (DTU)-based purchasing model is available
for both the Azure SQL Database offering and the Azure SQL Managed Instance
offering.
True
Ans:- False
The Database transaction unit (DTU)-based purchasing model is available
for both the Azure SQL Database offering and the Azure SQL Managed Instance
offering.
True
Ans:- False
You've been asked by the Blue Widget Corp to deploy an Azure SQL Managed
Instance. This instance will support a customer-facing app that can get quite
busy. Availability is of utmost importance. Which purchasing model and service
tier should you deploy?
DTU-Based Purchasing Model and Business Critical Tier
DTU-Based
Purchasing Model and Hyperscale
Ans:- vCore
Purchasing Model and Business Critical Tier
vCore
Purchasing Model and Hyperscale
Azure disk encryption is used to protect both Windows and Linux virtual
machines. It uses _______________ technology on Windows VMs, and _____________
on Linux VMs to protect ________________ with full volume encryption.
Microsoft InTune, Let's Encrypt, the OS disk
only
Ans:- Windows
BitLocker, Linux DM-Crypt, both the OS disk and data disks
Windows
BitLocker, Linux DM-Crypt, the OS disk only
Windows
BitLocker, Linux DM-Crypt, data disks only
Transparent Data Encryption, or TDE, can be used to encrypt
__________________ data files in real time.
SQL Server
Azure SQL
Database
Azure Synapse
Analytics
Ans:- All
None
The Blue Widget Corp employs 50 people who are geographically dispersed.
These users all work from home. You've been asked to deploy a solution that
allows them to connect to the corporate network in New York. Which solution
should you deploy to ensure these users can connect, and that their connections
are encrypted?
Ans:- Point-to-Site
VPNs
Site-to-Site
VPNs
ExpressRoute
Connections
Local Network Gateways
The Single Server deployment option of Azure Database for MySQL comes in
three pricing tiers: _________________, ___________________, and
_________________.
Ans:- Basic, General Purpose, and Memory Optimized
Free, Basic,
General Purpose
General
Purpose, Advanced, Memory Optimized
Free, Basic,
Standard
Azure Database for PostgreSQL is a _______________ database service
available in the Microsoft cloud. It’s available in three deployment modes,
including ___________________, ______________, and ___________________.
relational, single server, flexible server,
multi-server
non-relational,
free, basic, premium
non-relational,
single server, flexible server, hyperscale
Ans:- relational,
single server, flexible server, hyperscale
Inventory
management systems, order management systems, reporting databases, and
accounting packages are common examples of solutions that leverage relational
databases.
Ans:- True
False
The Blue
Widget Corp has asked you to deploy a storage solution that will serve as the
backend for an IoT system that's being deployed. This IoT system will consist
of environmental sensors that collect data. Your storage solution will need to
hold this sensor data. There needs to be a separate partition for each device,
and the data that is collected and stored needs to be ordered by the date and
time that each measurement was captured. Which storage solution would be a
viable solution?
Azure File Storage
Ans:-Azure Table
Storage
Azure Queue Storage
Azure Blob Storage
The Blue
Widget Corp is deploying a new, static website to host assembly diagrams of its
products. These diagrams are in image format (JPG, PNG, etc). Users will access
these diagrams via their web browsers. Which storage solution should you deploy
to allow the organization to serve up these images?
So your Object-Oriented Programming skills are at par and now you want to apply your knowledge to live projects.
After all, understanding the 4 basic pillars of Object-Oriented Programming and knowing a few cool things like constructor chaining and static methods should be enough to pull off the job right? Well, sorry to disappoint you but a S.O.L.I.D wall awaits!
Knowing the basics is one thing but writing good quality code is another. This is where the 5 most important software design principles come into play! Out of those, the most important and the most misunderstood principle is the Liskov Substitution Principle (LSP).
Well, guess what? The gods of Google have landed you on the right article because in this article we are going to talk all about LSP. So hop on as this will be the only article you’ll ever need for understanding the infamous LSP!
Liskov Substitution Principle (LSP)
Simply put, the Liskov Substitution Principle (LSP) states that objects of a superclass should be replaceable with objects of its subclasses without breaking the application.
In other words, what we want is to have the objects of our subclasses behaving the same way as the objects of our superclass.
So the next time you create an object of the subclass by mistake, you should still be fine (given you implemented LSP).
But Mohit, what does this even mean? How can an object of another class behave the same way as another’s? You might ask. Let me give you a real-life example and it will be crystal clear to you.
Remember in 5th grade when your maths teacher taught you the formula of squares for rectangles and squares? I always remembered square as the more “formula-friendly” rectangle. It is after all a rectangle with equal sides, isn’t it?
Now suppose you have a base class Rectangle and I tell you to create a new class Square and maximize reuse. Will you inherit the Rectangle class inside the Square class?
No matter how tempting it might sound or how well you intend to handle it, this small “reuse” will be totally WRONG!
Let us go by an example:
By looking at the above scenario you might still argue that it looks pretty consistent. That is true for the language you are coding in and also for Mathematics but a Square might not always satisfy the behavior of a Rectangle.
This is what I mean:
Your ClientMethod() expects a Rectangle and asserts a value of the area. All was well up to this point but now when we do rec.setHeight(4), our Square will set both its sides as 4, and that will totally mess up the assert statement.
We were expecting a Rectangle of sides 5 and 4 to have an area of 20 but we got a Square with sides 4 and 4 and area 16.
Hence, using Square’s object in place of the Rectangle’s object totally breaks LSP! Read the definition of LSP again:
“Simply put, the Liskov Substitution Principle (LSP) states that objects of a superclass should be replaceable with objects of its subclasses without breaking the application.”
This was just a small example. There will be numerous other problems if you plan on creating an algebra application inheriting a Square from a Rectangle.
Real-life Examples Which Break Liskov Substitution Principle (LSP)
Your landlord wanted you to fix the main gate’s light bulb but you gave him Diwali vibes instead! (He won’t be happy!)
You fed your neighbor’s pet duck expired Bread and now it’s dead. You decided to replace it with a toy duck. (He won’t be happy!)
Conclusion
The Liskov Substitution Principle is one of the five SOLID principles of object-oriented programming. All the five principles combined are helpful in making object-oriented code more readable, maintainable, and easier to upgrade and modify.
Microsoft Azure offers a load balancing service to distribute the load of inbound network traffics across different machines or virtual servers at the backend. A load balancer helps in maintaining high availability and makes hardware and software resilient to failures. Azure works as a transport layer in the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model. The load balancer does not direct the traffic to failed machines.
There are two types of configuration modes are used in Azure Load Balancer:
External – Public load balancing
Internal – Internal load balancing
Working of Azure Load Balancer
Microsoft Azure offers load balancing to the network in two modes so that inbound traffic flows based on the configured rules of load balancing. Load balancer helps in scale our application and create high available service here is the working of two modes in Azure load balancer:
1. Public (External) load balancer
A public Load balancer provides the outbound connection to the virtual machines (VMs) from the pool of backend virtual networks. For these outbound connections, all the private IP addresses are converted to the Public IP addresses so that each load balancer gets assigned with one Public IP address to accept the request coming from the internet. When load balancer gets called from the client apps then based on the load balancer configuration inbound traffic is distributed among Virtual Machines.
2. Private (Internal) load balancer
Private load balancers used if we need private IPs at the frontend. This load balancer uses a private IP address to call and all traffic is routed to the inside of the virtual network to the requested virtual machines. The internal load balancer uses source IP, source port, destination IP, destination port, and the protocol type to balance the internet traffic in virtual machines. It uses a hash function to distribute this load. If the source to destination IP connection is lost then the hash function forms a new connection with separate endpoints.
Below figure shows the Public and Private load balancer
How to Create an Azure Load Balancer?
1. Log in to the Azure Portal using the valid username and password:
2. Select Create a resource from the Home page of the portal.
3. Now from the Search the Marketplace search for the Load Balancer in the search box:
You will be redirected to the Load Balancer page as below:
4. Select Create button from the load balancer screen:
5. User will be redirected to the below page which will ask for the configuration details:
6. Enter the below information on the Create load balancer page:
Information is entered in the Basic tab:
7. Now click on the Review + create button from the page:
The page will start the running validation about the configuration, If details is correct it will show validation passed message:
8. Now click on the Create button from the page and it will start deploying the resources.
9. Once the deployment is completed it will show the recently created load balancer:
10. Now select Go to resource from the page and select Backend pools from the right pane of the page:
11. User can add the backend pools detail her by selecting add button as per the requirement:
Features of Azure Load Balancer
Below are mentioned the features:
Load Balancer: Azure load balancer provides users an option to configure the load balancer based on the role. Based on internal or external load balancer mode internet traffic is balanced on the Azure virtual machines.
Availability Sets: Load balancer distributes resources of azure within and across virtual machines and zones.
Port Forwarding: It provides features to port forward traffic to any particular virtual server by using public IP address and port.
Application agnostic and transparent: This feature helps the user to direct the traffic based on URL or multi-site hosting as load balancer does not interact directly with TCP/IP or UDP also TCP and UDP flow on all the ports simultaneously with the help of HA(High Availability) ports.
Automatic reconfiguration: The load balancer has the feature to reconfigure itself if we are scaling up or down the machines in the backend pool.
Health probes: Load balancer has a feature to stop traffic flow to the failed machines which in turn helps to recognize failed virtual machines and this is done using a health probe. Users can configure a health probe to check on the health status of servers at the backend
Outbound connection: Load balancer offers outbound connectivity to public or private IP addresses of azure virtual machines inside virtual networks.
Notes:-
Microsoft Azure offers the data load balance service to maintain the high availability and scalability of the virtual machines and offers automatic reconfiguration of the system so that users have less effort in the maintenance of the azure with these services. Whatever users do on the internet we need to balance the load and it is done using these services. Here we have also learned how to create an azure load balance and configure the same based on roles.
